Information and communication technologies for development. Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4. D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) toward the social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities. It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies. ICT4. D is grounded in the notions of . It formalized through a series of reports, conferences, and funding initiatives that acted as key policy- making avenues. The focus of this earliest phase was on the use of IT (not ICT) in government and private sector organizations in developing countries. One of the earliest computers used in a developing country was a HEC machine installed in 1. Indian Institute of Statistics in Kolkata. The advent of the Millennium Development Goals combined with the rise and spread of the Internet in industrialized countries led to a rapid increase in investments in ICT infrastructure and projects in developing countries. The most typical application was the telecentre, used to bring information on development issues such as health, education, and agricultural extension, into poor communities. Later, telecentres were also used to deliver government services. There is no clear boundary between phases 1. The focus in the phase 2. SMS technologies. There is less concern with e- readiness and more interest in the impact of ICTs on development. Additionally, there is more focus on the poor as producers and innovators with ICTs (as opposed to being consumers of ICT- based information). ICT4. D 2. 0 is about reframing the poor. Where ICT4. D 1. 0 marginalised them, allowing a supply- driven focus, ICT4. D 2. 0 centralises them, creating a demand- driven focus. This type of society is often referred to as the post- industrial society, the fifth Kondratiev, Information society, digital age and network society. The major goal of ICT for Development is to utilize the benefits of technology for social transformation for goods. Previously when such social transformations took place (e.
Additionally, capacity and knowledge are the human requirements to make use of these technologies. These foundations (horizontal green dimension in Figure) are the basis for the digitization of information flows and communication mechanisms in different sectors of society. When part of the information flows and communication processes in these sectors are carried out in e- lectronic networks, the prefix . This process of transformation represent the basic requirements and building blocks, but they are not sufficient for development. The mere existence of technology is not enough to achieve positive outcomes (no technological determinism). ICT4. D strategies and policies focus on accelerating development works, minimizing drawbacks and removing bottlenecks with the use of technology to meet goals. Generally, interventions are of two kinds: Positive Assessment (e. Negative Assessment (e. Figure). Each of these types has its own trends that vary across countries and regions. California Research Bureau, California State Library STATE GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. Office of Pollution Prevention and Technology Development. The Technology Development Fund is a competitive funding program designed to further the PLSG s mission of creating local economic benefit. TEDCO Policies; PROGRAMS. Advancing technology transferred from research labs to. Celebrating the achievements of entrepreneurs who have leveraged our programs. Want to know more how the TechHire program can support the technology industry and the State. Maui Research and Technology Center; Incubation Programs; Facilities. Information Communications Technology for. We are also working with the industry to design training programs in software development and foundational business. Technology Development Programs. Do you live and breathe technology? As part of one of our programs, you'll work side-by-side with experienced innovators to develop. Travelers development programs are at the core of what we do - be it pricing and marketing our products, underwriting or auditing and resolving claims. COLUMBIA, MD (7/20/16) --- The Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO) MORE. These programs and funds are divided into three categories. One of the most positive trends has been observed in voice communications. Thus, the proportion of mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries increased from about 3. Market liberalization and competition as well as various regulatory and technical solutions are believed to be useful in closing the digital divide and ensuring the universal access to ICTs. Benefits include boundless information sharing, connectivity, participation in the global economy. The use of mobile phones as part of ICT4. D initiatives shows some positive effects in improving access to information and services. Another analysis of mobile phone use in developing countries shows that the use of mobile phones improves access to information, helps to address market inefficiencies, and can be used in disaster relief. Such individuals may still benefit from ICT4. D via the spillover effect - situations when other users of ICT increase benefit for the whole community, including the non- users. Indirect Users: individuals who do not have hands- on access themselves, but can gain access to digital information and services via direct users. Shared Users: individuals who do not own the technology, but who can directly use ICTs owned by someone else (e. ICT business, community, etc.). Owner- Users: individuals who own and use the technology. One of the goals of ICT4. D is to employ robust low- cost technologies that can be available for poor and low income communities around the world. Short- and long- term negative effects of ICTs also need to be studied. In livestock farming, cattle- breeding now includes scientific crossbreeding techniques that produce cattle with greatly improved fertility. Having a local radio/TV show will be a great help in informing the community on updates from the agricultural sector. ICTs can also be used for training purposes. Thus it supports creating future opportunities for agricultural sector and the development of rural livelihoods. Weather forecasting offices use mass media to inform the public on weather updates. After tropical storm Ondoy in the Philippines, the Filipino people are more curious and aware about the weather hazards. Meteorological offices are also using advanced tools to monitor the weather and the weather systems that may affect a certain area. Monitoring devices. The International Water Management Institute launched the mobile services for flood management, specifically in East Sudan. These mobile services are considered as a next generation ICT for weather and water information. The tool converts complex satellite sensor information to simple text messages which are sent to farmers informing them about the optimum use of flood water for crop production. The text messages would also warn the farmers about the flood events which would help them prepare their fields and advise on how to mitigate flood damage in estimating the risk of future flood events. In time of calamities we need information and communication technology for disaster management. Various organisations, government agencies and small and large- scale research projects have been exploring the use of ICT for relief operations, providing early warnings and monitoring extreme weather events. Net. Hope is another global organization which contributes disaster management and awareness through information technology. According to ICTandclimatechange. ICT companies can be victims, villains or heroes of climate change. In 2. 01. 4 when typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines, the CDAC network utilized different technologies to coordinate and communicate efforts between the affected communities and the different network's volunteer organizations. CDAC saw the value of communication in responding to the disaster. They emphasized getting accurate and timely information as being crucial to saving lives. One of the organizations and tools that they tapped was the Digital Humanitarian Network. The Digital Humanitarian Network is a group of organizations with various tools that contribute to crisis mapping. These tools were used to manage information that are received about the disaster. The tools they use allow them to monitor media - including social media, create live crisis maps, analyze the data they have, etc. The website collates information regarding earthquake preparedness. This was created in response to a predicted earthquake, expected to hit Metro Manila with a 7. According to DOST, NOAH. Through the use of science and technology and in partnership with the academe and other stakeholders, the DOST through Program NOAH is taking a multi- disciplinary approach in developing systems, tools, and other technologies that could be operationalized by government to help prevent and mitigate disasters. Open. RDI aims to minimize the effect of disaster in developing countries by encouraging them to open their disaster risk data. GIS technologies such as satellite imagery, thematic maps, and geospatial data play a big part in disaster risk management. One example is the Haiti. Data, where maps of Haiti containing layers of geospatial data (earthquake intensity, flooding likelihood, landslide and tsunami hazards, overall damage, etc.) are made available which can then be used by decision makers and policy makers for rehabilitation and reconstruction of the country. This may include land, soil, water and atmospheric quality assessment tools, including technologies for analysis of atmospheric conditions including GHG emissions and pollutants, and the tracking of both water quality and availability. The analysis of data may also include correlating raw observational data with second order environmental measures, such as biodiversity. Environmental planning: at the international, regional and national level, planning makes use of the information from environmental analysis as part of the decision making process for the purpose of policy formulation and planning. Planning activities may include classification of various environmental conditions for use in agriculture and forestry and other applied environmental sectors, and is often focused on specific issues such as protected areas, biodiversity, industrial pollution or GHG emissions. Planning may also include the anticipation of environmental conditions and emergency scenarios, such as climate change, man- made and natural disasters. Environmental management and protection: involves everything related to managing and mitigating impacts on the environment as well as helping adapt to given environmental conditions. This includes resource and energy conservation and management systems, GHG emission management and reduction systems and controls, pollution control and management systems and related methodologies, including mitigating the ill effects of pollutants and man- made environmental hazards.
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